Wood stoves have been a reliable and efficient source of heating for centuries. Among the various types available, the external furnace wood stove is gaining popularity due to its distinct advantages in terms of efficiency and performance. In this article, we will delve into the technical details of external furnace wood stoves, their proper operation, and essential considerations for both seasoned wood stove enthusiasts and beginners.
1. Understanding the External Furnace Wood Stove
An external furnace wood stove, often referred to as an "outdoor wood boiler," is designed to heat water, which is then circulated into your home for space heating or domestic hot water. This design distinguishes it from traditional wood stoves that heat a room directly. Here are some key technical details to consider:
– Combustion Chamber: The external furnace has a combustion chamber where wood is burned to produce heat. These stoves typically have a larger combustion chamber compared to indoor wood stoves, allowing for longer burn times and less frequent refueling.
– Water Jacket: The external furnace’s primary feature is the water jacket that surrounds the combustion chamber. Water is heated as it circulates through this jacket, and the hot water is then transported to your home through insulated pipes.
2. Installation and Placement
Proper installation of an external furnace wood stove is crucial for its safe and efficient operation. Consider the following technical aspects:
– Location: Choose a location for the stove that is well-ventilated, away from flammable materials, and complies with local building codes. The stove should be situated within reasonable proximity to your home to minimize heat loss through the pipes.
– Insulated Pipes: Ensure that high-quality, insulated pipes connect the stove to your home. These pipes prevent heat loss during water transfer and maintain efficiency.
– Backflow Prevention: Install backflow prevention devices to protect the water source from contamination and maintain water quality.
3. Wood Fuel Considerations
The type of wood you use significantly impacts the performance of your external furnace wood stove. Some essential technical aspects to bear in mind:
– Proper Wood Size: Use seasoned firewood, cut to the appropriate size for your stove. Typically, wood should be cut to around 18 inches to fit comfortably into the combustion chamber.
– Moisture Content: Wood should be well-seasoned, with a moisture content of 20% or less. Damp wood leads to inefficient combustion and creosote buildup.
4. Operation and Maintenance
Maintaining an external furnace wood stove is essential for its longevity and efficiency. Here are some key technical tips:
– Regular Cleaning: Clean the combustion chamber and water jacket periodically to prevent creosote buildup, which can reduce efficiency and pose safety risks.
– Monitoring Temperature: Keep an eye on the water temperature in the storage tank. Adjust air intake and water circulation settings to maintain optimal temperature levels.
– Seasonal Maintenance: Perform seasonal maintenance checks, such as inspecting gaskets, replacing worn-out components, and ensuring all electrical and mechanical parts function correctly.
5. Environmental Considerations
External furnace wood stoves are an environmentally friendly heating option, but they must be operated responsibly. To minimize your environmental impact:
– Use Clean Wood: Avoid burning treated or painted wood, as it releases harmful chemicals into the air.
– Efficient Burning: Operate your stove at its highest efficiency to reduce emissions and maximize heat output.
– Compliance: Ensure your stove complies with local emissions regulations and permits if required.
Conclusion
The external furnace wood stove is a technically advanced and efficient option for home heating. Understanding its technical aspects, proper installation, fuel considerations, and maintenance requirements is essential to make the most of this heating system. By following these guidelines, you can enjoy a warm, eco-friendly home while ensuring the long-term performance of your external furnace wood stove.