Wood burning stoves have been providing reliable heat for centuries. In recent times, outdoor wood burning furnace forced air systems have gained popularity due to their efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Whether you’re an experienced wood burner or just getting started, this guide will walk you through the essential technical details of planning and using an outdoor wood burning furnace with forced air circulation.
1. Understanding the Basics
a. The Outdoor Wood Burning Furnace
An outdoor wood burning furnace, also known as an OWB, is a heating appliance designed to burn wood, typically logs or wood pellets, to generate heat. Unlike indoor wood stoves, OWBs are placed outdoors and connected to a heat distribution system to transport heat indoors.
b. Forced Air System
Forced air systems use fans or blowers to distribute heat. In the case of outdoor wood burning furnaces, a blower pushes air through a heat exchanger, which then circulates the heated air into your home or building. This system ensures even heat distribution and efficient heating.
2. Planning Your Outdoor Wood Burning Furnace
a. Location Matters
Select a suitable location for your OWB. It should be placed away from the main structure to avoid fire hazards and in compliance with local regulations. Ensure that there is adequate space for wood storage and easy access for fuel loading.
b. Fuel Selection
Choose your wood fuel wisely. Hardwood, like oak or maple, is preferred for OWBs due to its higher energy content and slower burn rate. Properly seasoned firewood with a moisture content of around 20% is ideal for efficient combustion.
c. Sizing the Furnace
The size of your OWB should be determined by the heating demands of your space. You can calculate this by assessing the square footage and insulation of your home. Remember, a properly sized unit ensures optimal efficiency.
3. Installation and Operation
a. Safety First
Safety is paramount when dealing with wood burning stoves. Follow all manufacturer recommendations and local codes for installation. Ensure proper clearances, non-combustible flooring, and a reliable chimney.
b. Fuel Loading and Combustion
When loading fuel, arrange the wood in a way that allows for proper air circulation. Avoid overloading, as it can reduce combustion efficiency. Ensure you’re using dry, well-seasoned wood to prevent creosote buildup, which can be a fire hazard.
c. Airflow and Temperature Control
Most OWBs come equipped with dampers and controls to regulate airflow and combustion temperature. Follow manufacturer instructions to maintain the desired heat output and prevent overheating.
d. Routine Maintenance
Regular cleaning is essential to keep your OWB operating efficiently. Clean the heat exchanger, ash pan, and chimney at recommended intervals. Check the gaskets and seals for wear and tear.
4. Efficiency and Environmental Considerations
a. Emission Reduction
Many modern OWBs are designed to meet stringent emission standards. Look for units that are EPA-certified, as they produce less pollution and are more environmentally friendly.
b. Efficient Wood Burning
To maximize efficiency, use a mixture of seasoned hardwood and avoid burning treated or painted wood. Proper combustion not only saves money but also reduces environmental impact.
5. Conclusion
Outdoor wood burning furnace forced air systems can be an excellent choice for efficient heating, but they require careful planning, installation, and operation. By understanding the basics, selecting the right location, and following best practices, you can ensure a safe, cost-effective, and eco-friendly heating solution for your home.
Always consult your local regulations and manufacturer guidelines when installing and operating an OWB to guarantee a safe and efficient wood burning experience.