Creating a wood burning stove from a 55-gallon drum is a practical and cost-effective project for those looking to harness the warmth and utility of a wood stove. In this technical guide, we’ll walk you through the process of making a 55-gallon drum wood burning stove, focusing on the key technical details.
1. Selecting the Right Drum
Begin with a 55-gallon steel drum that once contained a non-toxic substance like food products or chemicals. It’s crucial to ensure that the drum is free from any hazardous residues or substances. Thoroughly clean and remove any labels, paint, or coatings from the exterior.
2. Cutting Openings
To create the stove’s door and chimney, you’ll need to make precise openings:
a. Door: Mark and cut a rectangular door near the bottom of the drum. This is where you’ll load the wood and control the airflow. Use a metal-cutting tool and ensure smooth, safe edges.
b. Chimney: On the top of the drum, cut a circular opening for the chimney. This opening should be smaller than the diameter of the chimney pipe you plan to use.
3. Airflow Control
Effective combustion requires controlled airflow. To manage this, you’ll need to install adjustable vents for both primary and secondary air:
a. Primary Air: Drill small holes near the bottom of the drum just below the door. These holes serve as primary air intake. Use an adjustable vent or damper to control airflow through these holes.
b. Secondary Air: To facilitate secondary air intake, you can drill a series of small holes or slots near the top of the drum. This secondary air intake enhances combustion efficiency.
4. Insulating the Drum
To improve the stove’s efficiency, insulate the drum. You can line the interior with firebrick or refractory cement to create a firebox. This lining will help retain and radiate heat efficiently.
5. Creating a Chimney
Attach a stovepipe or chimney pipe to the circular opening you cut on the top of the drum. Ensure that the chimney extends above your roofline to prevent backdrafts. Use appropriate chimney components, including a cap and flashing, to ensure safe and efficient venting.
6. Legs and Base
To elevate the drum stove and provide stability, attach sturdy metal legs or create a heat-resistant base. This prevents scorching of surfaces beneath the stove and makes it safer to operate.
7. Safety Considerations
Safety is paramount when working with a wood burning stove:
Clearances: Position the drum stove at a safe distance from walls, furniture, and other flammable materials. Follow local building codes for required clearances.
Carbon Monoxide Detector: Install a carbon monoxide detector in the room where you use the stove to ensure early detection of any potential issues.
Regular Inspection: Periodically inspect the stove for wear and damage, especially the door gasket and chimney components. Replace or repair any worn parts promptly.
Conclusion
Creating a 55-gallon drum wood burning stove can be a rewarding DIY project, providing an efficient and cost-effective heating solution. By adhering to these technical guidelines, you can craft a safe and functional wood stove that enhances the warmth and utility of your living space while minimizing your reliance on traditional heating methods. Remember to prioritize safety and compliance with local regulations throughout your project.