A wood burning stove that won’t draw properly can be frustrating. When your stove fails to draw air efficiently, it can result in reduced heat output and even issues like smoke spilling into your room. In this troubleshooting guide, we’ll address common reasons why your wood burning stove might not draw and how to resolve these issues.
Check the Damper
The damper, often located in the flue or stovepipe, plays a crucial role in controlling airflow. If it’s closed or partially closed, your stove won’t draw properly. Make sure the damper is fully open when starting and operating the stove. Also, ensure that it’s not blocked by creosote buildup.
Clean the Chimney
A clogged or dirty chimney is a common culprit for poor stove draft. Creosote buildup can restrict airflow, creating a backdraft of smoke into your room. Here’s what to do:
Chimney Cleaning: Schedule regular chimney cleanings to remove creosote and other obstructions. A professional chimney sweep can do this effectively.
Inspect the Cap: Ensure that the chimney cap is intact and free from debris or animal nests. A damaged cap or blockage can hinder proper draft.
Check Air Supply
Adequate air supply is essential for combustion and proper draft. If your wood stove isn’t getting enough air, it won’t burn efficiently. Here’s how to address this:
Ventilation: Ensure your room has sufficient ventilation to provide oxygen for combustion. If your home is tightly sealed, consider adding an air vent or cracking a window.
Combustion Air Supply: Many stoves have a dedicated air intake for combustion. Make sure it’s open and unobstructed.
Correct Wood and Burning Practices
The type of wood and how you burn it can significantly affect your stove’s draft. Consider the following:
Dry Wood: Use well-seasoned firewood with a moisture content of around 20%. Wet or green wood generates excess smoke and creosote, hindering draft.
Wood Placement: Stack wood loosely in the stove, allowing air to circulate. Avoid overloading the stove, as this can smother the fire.
Kindling: Start your fire with small pieces of dry kindling to create a strong draft.
Temperature and Draft
Temperature differences between the inside and outside of the chimney can affect draft. Warmer air rises, creating a natural draft. In colder weather, the chimney might struggle to draw air. To address this:
Preheat the Flue: Before lighting the fire, preheat the flue by lighting a rolled-up newspaper or a handful of dry kindling and holding it near the flue opening.
External Chimney: If possible, consider an external chimney, which is less prone to temperature-related draft issues.
Ensure Proper Stove Installation
Finally, if your wood stove is improperly installed, it can lead to draft problems. Ensure that:
Clearances: The stove should have adequate clearances from walls and combustible materials as per manufacturer’s recommendations.
Chimney Height: The chimney should extend above your roofline to create proper draft.
Flue Size: The flue should match the stove’s requirements, and it should not be excessively long or have too many bends.
By systematically addressing these factors, you can troubleshoot and resolve the issue of your wood burning stove not drawing effectively. Regular maintenance and proper burning practices will help ensure your stove operates efficiently and safely. If problems persist, consult a professional for a thorough inspection and diagnosis.